1129 INTEGRATED DECARBONIZATION SOLUTIONS FOR THE MINING SECTOR: A PATHWAY FOR PERU BASED ON RENEWABLE POWER, FUELS AND HYDROGEN *R. Lasierra1, E.M. Navarro2 ABSTRACT Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires rapid and sustained reductions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across all economic sectors [1]. The mining sector is of particular relevance due to its high energy and fuel intensity and its strategic role in supplying minerals required for clean energy technologies [5]. Peru represents a relevant case study, as mining constitutes a substantial share of national economic activity and exports, while facing increasing scrutiny regarding the carbon intensity of mineral value chains [6], [7]. This paper analyses decarbonization pathways for mining operations in Peru from a technical and system‑level perspective. An integrated portfolio approach is adopted, combining renewable electricity, renewable fuels and renewable hydrogen, with attention to both off‑site energy supply and on‑site production options. The analysis emphasizes deployment feasibility, technology readiness and operational constraints typical of mining environments. The results indicate that hybrid decarbonization strategies targeting fuel‑intensive processes, particularly heavy‑duty mobile equipment, are consistent with global net‑zero pathways and national policy frameworks, while preserving operational reliability. KEYWORDS Mining decarbonization; Peru; renewable electricity; renewable fuels; green hydrogen; heavy-duty equipment. 1. CONTEXT AND PROBLEM STATEMENT Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires rapid and deep greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions across all sectors [1]. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) defines pathways consistent with achieving net‑zero energy‑related emissions by mid‑century as a benchmark for alignment with the objectives of the Paris Agreement [2]. Global emissions trends and sectoral contributions are documented by official institutions, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which provides consolidated and regularly updated GHG emissions data and methodological resources [3]. Table 1 – Suggested figures (data-ready) – mining contribution to GHG emissions Component Notes Share of global GHG emissions non-coal mining (Scope 1–2) 0.54% Excludes fugitive methane from coal mining Mining & metals (share of Peru total GHG, 2021) 3% Reported as “mining & metals” share of Peru’s total GHG emissions (2021). Secondary source; not strictly comparable to ICMM global Scope 1–2 metric. International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), Global Mining and Metals Greenhouse Gas Emissions Dataset (published Feb 2026; results reported for 2024, Scope 1–2; produced with Wood Mackenzie). Delayed mitigation increases transition risk and economic costs, reinforcing the case for early, sustained abatement [4]. Mining is a strategic focus because it is energy- and fuel-intensive while supplying critical minerals needed for clean energy technologies [5]. In Peru, mining’s economic relevance and growing
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