1171 ground-truth verification of species presence through image and sound recording. These tools enable the measurement of biodiversity-related indicators such as Mean Species Abundance, Potentially Disappeared Fraction, and Species Threat Abatement and Restoration metrics. Subsurface analysis is further supported using ground-penetrating radar, which enables measurement and analysis of root systems and below-ground structure. All captured data is integrated into the online Green Cubes platform, creating a digital window into the forest environment. The platform supports both reporting and scientific analysis, while also enabling immersive engagement for internal and external stakeholders. The Green Cubes partner ecosystem is supported by a growing network of over 50 partnerships spanning scientific research, education, assurance, and regulatory development. Early implementation of the methodology took place in collaboration with the University of Vienna at the La Gamba Tropical Research Station in Costa Rica, where the approach was co-developed and adapted in collaboration with top academic researchers. In Brazil, Green Cubes has been applied in partnership with the Atlantic Forest Research and Conservation Alliance (Green Cubes, 2025., ARAÇÁ case study), a research initiative operating in the Amazon region. In this context, the methodology supports biodiversity monitoring and contributes to the exploration of natural capital through defined monitoring units, while also supporting initiatives focused on communicating biodiversity through immersive visualization. Members of the Green Cubes team are technical advisors to both Colorado School of Mines and The Center for Environmentally Sustainable Mining at University of Arizona. Additional collaborations include work with assurance and reporting partners to explore how digital twin approaches can support biodiversity monitoring, reporting, and verification. Green Cubes also engages with academic institutions in advisory roles and works closely with mining operators through customer-led development, collaborating directly with environmental departments and biodiversity specialists. Ongoing engagement with emerging biodiversity reporting initiatives seeks to contribute to the development of regulatory for the extraction industry. 7. RESULTS, OUTCOMES OR PERFORMANCE 7.1 Green Cubes Digital Reality in the extraction industry 7.1.1 Implementation in Mining Contexts The methodology described in this paper has been implemented in two active extraction-industry contexts, demonstrating real-world application of the Green Cubes approach within operational and postoperational mining environments. These implementations provide practical evidence of feasibility, relevance, and transferability beyond conceptual or pilot-stage development. The first implementation has been carried out in collaboration with Vale (Green Cubes, 2025., Vale case study), focusing on the Águas Claras Mine (MAC) in Nova Lima, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The MAC site operated for approximately 30 years before ceasing activities in 2002 and represents the first mine in Brazil to undergo a structured mine closure and future-use process. As part of this initiative, Green Cubes has been applied to support enhanced understanding of the surrounding forest environment, biodiversity conditions, and restoration context. The collaboration positions the MAC site as a case study for applying Green Cubes, with an emphasis on environmental stewardship, community engagement, and long-term value creation. The second implementation is being conducted with Samarco (Green Cubes, 2025., Samarco case study), a major iron ore pellet producer, in southeastern Brazil. At Samarco, Green Cubes has been activated in compensation and restoration areas near the Mina Alegria site, located within one of the country’s largest iron ore regions. The implementation focuses on advancing environmental monitoring and reclamation practices by establishing integrated, multi-scale environmental data as a foundation for restoration tracking, regulatory reporting, and stakeholder engagement.
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