1188 However, outcomes depend on implementation strategy and on aligning the monitoring system to how TSFs are managed. Partnering with a competent DFOS solution provider is central: TSF‑tailored fibre design, commissioning/QC, and dashboard/alerting co‑designed with the Operator and EoR are what convert distributed sensing into effective risk management rather than additional complexity. Future work should prioritize collaborative full‑scale TSF deployments that (i) define success criteria tied to decision outcomes (lead time, hazard type and localization accuracy, false alarm burden), (ii) validate integration with TARPs and routine operational cadence, (iii) standardize evidence packages that support assurance and disclosure, and (iv) document repeatable deployment patterns for raises and closures. These steps directly support the sector’s priorities by reducing uncertainty, strengthening trust and transparency, and enabling faster, more responsible delivery from existing assets REFERENCES 1] Johansson, S., Sjödahl, P., Mondanos, M., & Stork, A. (2023). Distributed fibre optic sensing in Swedish dams and tailings storage facilities. Hydropower & Dams International (Vol. 30, Issue 2) / archive PDF. [2] Johansson, S., Stork, A., David, A., Mondanos, M., & Nygren, C. (2020). Fibre‑Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Detection of Seepage and Internal Erosion (Energiforsk Report 2020:682). [3] Stork, A., Mordret, A., Beaupretre, S., & Johansson, S. (2022). Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for Detection of Defects in Dams using Ambient Noise Interferometry (conference paper/abstract). [4] Wagner, A. M., Gelvin, A. B., Maakestad, J. B., Coleman, T., Forsland, D., Johansson, S., Sundin, J., & Engel, C. S. (2023). Initial Data Collection from a Fiber‑Optic‑Based Dam Seepage Monitoring and Detection System (ERDC/CRREL TR‑23‑15). [5] Ghafoori, Y., Vidmar, A., Říha, J., & Kryžanowski, A. (2020). A Review of Measurement Calibration and Interpretation for Seepage Monitoring by Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensors. Sensors, 20(19), 5696. [6] Inaudi, D., et al. (Mine Waste & Tailings). Fiber Optic Distributed Sensing System for Monitoring of Tailings Storage Facilities (conference abstract / proceedings abstract). [7] Cottone, I. (2022). Distributed fiber optic structural health monitoring for dams. Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Field Monitoring in Geomechanics (ISFMG), ISSMGE Online Library. [8] Smartec SA (2017). Fiber Optic Leak Detection System for Dams and Dikes (Application Note). [9] Inaudi, D., & Blin, R. (2016). Monitoring dams with distributed fiber optic sensing. HYDRO 2016. [10] Blin, R., & Inaudi, D. (2017). Managing long‑term and large‑scale datasets from distributed fiber optic dam/dike monitoring systems (European Working Group on Internal Erosion meeting paper / repository). [11] Song, K. Y. (2024). Optimizing multi‑parameter distributed fiber sensors: a hybrid Rayleigh‑Brillouin‑Raman system approach. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 46. [12] Mitacs (2025). Can Fibre Optics Help Prevent Tailings Dam Failures? (Mitacs blog; industry‑academic program description). [13] Russell, S. J., & Hill, D. J. (2025). Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS): a real‑world perspective, requirements, applications, and techniques. Proc. SPIE 13639, Optical Fibre Sensors [14] Ouellet, S. (2024). Advancing tailings dam performance monitoring with distributed acoustic sensing (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. [15] Ouellet, S.M., Dettmer, J., Lato, M.J. et al. Previously hidden landslide processes revealed using distributed acoustic sensing with nanostrain-rate sensitivity. Nat Commun 15, 6239 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50604-6
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