1239 CIRCULARITY AND RECOVERY IN MINING (2000 TO 2025): A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL PATHWAYS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS *C.A. Mondragon1, M.A. Garzon2 1Strategic Business Management PhD Student, Consorcio de Universidades, Perú, (Eng. Carlos Mondragon: cmondragon@pucp.edu.pe, ORCID ID: 0009-0003-8809-651X) 2Strategic Business Management Professor, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, (PhD. Manuel Alfonso Garzón Castrillón: manuelalfonsogarzon@gmail.com, ORCID ID:0000-0001-90093324) ABSTRACT This study presents a bibliometric review of research published from 2000 to 2025 on circularity and recovery in mining. It examines how mining-related residues and effluents are converted into recoverable outputs through four technological pathway families: tailings reprocessing and valorization, metal recovery from secondary resources and industrial residues, mine-water management and recycling, and cross-industry valorization consistent with industrial symbiosis. The literature has expanded rapidly but remains fragmented across waste streams, process routes, and performance definitions. Most studies report technical results such as recovery yield, selectivity, process time and productivity, reagent and energy intensity, operational stability, and by-product handling, while links to operational and economic outcomes such as operating cost per ton and margin per ton are reported inconsistently. Explicit treatment of organizational culture and organizational learning is limited and often appears only indirectly through discussions of adoption barriers, governance requirements, collaboration needs, and scale-up constraints. The review combines bibliometric performance analysis and science mapping of keywords, references, and documents to identify dominant themes and research fronts, and it synthesizes a targeted full-text set using a traceability logic that links waste-stream families, recovery-mechanism families, and deployment conditions. Based on these relationships, the paper proposes a practical framework that connects technological outputs to operational indicators, economic effects, and enabling practices, supported by a concise glossary and a measurement agenda specifying unit of analysis, baseline, observation window, contextual controls, and a core set of technical and economic indicators. The contribution is twofold: it consolidates circularity and recovery pathways into a comparable structure and it highlights a major gap in the mining circularity literature, where culture and learning are rarely operationalized, outlining how these factors can be integrated to strengthen adoption analysis, scale-up studies, and performance traceability. KEYWORDS Organizational Performance, Learning, Culture, Circularity, Recovery, Mining 1. CONTEXT AND PROBLEM STATEMENT Mining is entering a decade in which demand for critical raw materials will coexist with stronger expectations on environmental performance, water stewardship, and social legitimacy. At the same time, many operations face declining ore grades, which increases material handled per unit of metal produced and amplifies energy and waste management burdens (Calvo et al., 2016). These pressures make “mining for the future” inseparable from the ability to recover useful outputs from streams historically treated as waste, and to do so in ways that are technically reliable, economically defensible to regulators and stakeholders. Circularity and recovery in mining can be understood as strategies that aim to reduce virgin inputs and residual outputs by keeping materials, water, and value in productive use for longer. This orientation is consistent with circular economy definitions that emphasize maintaining materials at high utility and value
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