136 Table 1 - Initial lithological-domain classes for the anonymized pilot Domain class Geological meaning Initial images Main annotation type Carbonate-dominated zone Pale carbonate host rock; relatively uniform light texture. 100 Segmentation mask Skarn-rich zone Dark calc-silicate texture with high visual contrast. 100 Segmentation mask Mixed transition zone Diffuse contact where visual textures overlap. 100 Mask + contact guidance Brecciated zone Fragmented rock with irregular clast or matrix texture. 100 Mask + boxes Altered or wet reflective zone Wet or altered surface with reflective artifacts. 100 Mask + boxes 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4.1. Image acquisition and metadata protocol The acquisition protocol is designed for operational repeatability. Images or video frames should be captured after access authorization and, where applicable, from a safe distance using handheld cameras, polemounted systems, drones or robotic platforms. The protocol requires overlapping coverage, consistent camera orientation where possible, and multiple exposures when wet surfaces or lamps generate glare. Original files are retained as immutable records, while normalized copies are generated for training and inference. Each image must be linked to metadata, including level, working area, date, approximate camera position, viewing direction, lighting condition and the name or code of the geologist who validated the annotation. These metadata are essential for traceability and for future integration with 3D geological models. Where LiDAR or photogrammetric geometry is available, it should be used as a spatial scaffold for georeferencing, while the lithological classification remains driven by supervised image analysis. Table 2 - Recommended data protocol for a first training cycle Stage Minimum requirement Reason for inclusion Acquisition Overlapping RGB images or video frames with consistent standoff distance where possible. Reduces geometric and illumination variability. Metadata Level, chainage or local reference, date, camera position and lighting condition. Allows traceability between image, location and interpretation. Pre-processing Resize, white-balance normalization, contrast control and retention of original images. Creates a stable training copy without losing the raw record. Annotation Expert polygons for domains and bounding boxes for occlusions or field artifacts. Separates geological interpretation from operational scene clutter. Review Low-confidence predictions returned to a geologist for correction and dataset enrichment. Maintains geological accountability and improves the model iteratively.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2