1374 with grounding, and auxiliary resonant and transformer stages, as shown in Figure 4. Energy is injected into the SWET line by a SiC MOSFET-based resonant inverter INV1 operating at 7-12 kHz and supplying a highvoltage level of approximately 5 kV through a step-up transformer TR1 and LC1 resonant tank. The singlewire overhead line, approximately 800 m long, uses earth return and is supported by lightweight composite poles. On the output side, a step-down transformer TR2, a resonant tank LC2, and a rectifier REC2 produce a regulated DC bus that feeds a three-phase grid-connected inverter INV2, delivering 400 V, 50 Hz output power at approximately 100 kW. Based on preliminary calculations of semiconductor losses, transformer efficiency, and estimated line losses, the overall efficiency of the SWET energy-transfer system is expected to exceed 90%. However, the final value will depend on the optimized LC tank design, the selected switching frequency, and the SWET line grounding conditions. The SWET line offers several advantages that make it a promising candidate for the ESS to grid energy-transfer link. The most important of these include: accurate power-flow control, achieved through the modulation of INV1 and the operating-point control of INV2; use of low-cost, high-strength steel conductors which can replace conventional copper wires while maintaining a small cross-section; very low transmission losses typically below 1% excluding ground-path losses and converter losses; active voltage-drop compensation, ensured by appropriate INV1 control; inherent self-protection against line short circuits, as detuning from resonance naturally reduces the transmitted power and leads to a drop in line voltage. 5. PV TRACKER AND EMS The active PV trackers used in the project are an advancement of classic photovoltaic installations with permanently mounted modules. These systems enable the continuous adjustment of the panel in relation to the sun's location, which allows for better use of solar energy and translates into increased energy yield. Literature studies indicate that the use of single-axis active sun tracking systems typically leads to an increase in annual energy gain of approximately 12-20% compared to fixed installations (Lazariou et al., 2015). Active trackers are equipped with externally powered drives, which ensures greater precision, speed, and predictability of operation (Singh et al., 2018). The design of the active tracker in the project has been adjusted to the composite support frame, which allows the tracking system to be adapted without the need to rebuild the floating structure (Figure 5). The proposed solution is based on a rotation axis located along the ridge formed by two adjacent PV panel sections, enabling each section to tilt independently. Each panel section is equipped with an independent drive system consisting of two electric actuators, resulting in a total of four actuators controlling the entire tracker. The tilt range of each panel section is ±15°, which enables effective sun tracking while maintaining the mechanical stability of the structure. Figure 5 – A model of an active single-axis tracker developed for the FPV The project also includes the design of the tracker control architecture, in which the high-level decision-making functions are separated from local motion execution. The local layer (Tracker Control Unit) is responsible for controlling the actuators and reporting operating parameters on an ongoing basis, while the EMS master system collects environmental and operating data, analyses operating conditions, and transmits control commands to the trackers. This architecture also includes integration with a weather station and communication gateway, enabling data transfer between PV islands and the EMS master layer. Panel
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