1381 reclamation. Since inception, over 2,800 hectares of mined land have been biologically reclaimed, supported by plantation of more than 33 million trees. Reclaimed areas are productively repurposed for agriculture, horticulture, water bodies, biodiversity zones, eco-parks, and large-scale solar power installations, enabling the transition from extraction landscapes to self-sustaining ecosystems. These practices are comparable in intent to post-lignite transition models in regions such as Germany’s Rhineland, adapted to Indian climatic and socio-economic conditions. Figure 3. Progressive Mine Closure Model Figure 4. NLCIL Progressive Mine closure Practice 6. CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND RESOURCE EFFICIENCY Circular economy principles are embedded across mining and power operations. Overburden is reused for backfilling, infrastructure development, and manufactured sand production. Fly ash from thermal power plants is utilised in cement, bricks, roads, and mine backfilling, significantly reducing waste disposal. Water recycling and reuse practices reduce freshwater abstraction and enhance operational resilience in water-stressed regions.
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