1445 INNOVATIVE RESEARCH ON MINE DIRECTIONAL DRILLING AND GROUTING TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER PREVENTION IN LONG, LARGE, AND DEEP-BURIED WATER DIVERSION TUNNELS *Q. Fu1, G.G. Gao1, T.Z. Zhang1 1Beijing Coal Mine Construction Company Ltd., Beijing 100013, China (yfzr2011@163.com) ABSTRACT Complex hydrogeological conditions in deep strata pose a high risk of mud and water inrush during underground engineering construction and significantly reduce the tunneling efficiency of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) operations. Mine directional drilling and grouting technology, which is widely recognized for its strong controllability and effectiveness, plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and reliability of deep underground engineering projects. In response to the strategic demands of national large-scale water network construction, this study systematically reviews the current development status and engineering practices of directional drilling and grouting technology at the Beijing Mine Construction Institute of China Coal Technology Engineering Group. An integrated drilling-grouting technological system is developed to address the key technical challenges associated with long-distance, large-diameter, and deep-buried water diversion tunnels constructed in water-rich fractured strata. This system incorporates several core technologies, including long-distance high-precision directional drilling, geological identification during drilling, and high-pressure staged precision grouting. The proposed system satisfies the technical requirements for advanced prevention and control of mud and water inrush in water diversion tunnels at burial depths exceeding 1000 meters. Engineering applications demonstrate that the technology achieves refined geological exploration and high-pressure segmented treatment of fault fracture zones in deep-buried water diversion tunnels for the first time. The results show a fracture sealing rate exceeding 90 %, a permeability rate of less than 2 Lu, a borehole deviation rate below 2 ‰, and a waterproof reinforcement ring thickness exceeding 8 meters. The proposed technology effectively overcomes the critical technical bottleneck related to water and mud inrush, ensuring stable and continuous TBM tunneling. These technological achievements are successfully applied in several major national water diversion projects, including the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project, the Central Shanxi Yellow River Diversion Project, and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. This study provides an innovative, reliable, and practical solution for tunnel construction under complex geological conditions in large-scale hydraulic engineering projects in China. KEYWORDS Mud and water inrush, Ground grouting, Fault fracture section, Diversion tunnel, Water plugging reinforcement. 1. INTRODUCTION Deep and long tunnels constitute critical components of national major infrastructure and play an irreplaceable strategic role in water resource allocation, energy transmission, and transportation corridor development (Xie et al., 2022). With the continuous expansion of water conservancy projects into highaltitude and tectonically active regions of western China, tunnel construction increasingly encounters compounded adverse conditions, including high ground stress, high external water pressure, elevated ground temperature, and strong construction disturbance. Excavation within weak and fractured strata is highly susceptible to severe engineering risks, such as mud and water inrush, excessive deformation of surrounding rock, and TBM jamming, which significantly constrain construction safety and operational efficiency (Zhang, 2025; He et al., 2023). Therefore, the effective prevention and control of mud and water inrush disasters of unfavorable geological conditions in deep and long tunnels, have emerged as urgent technical bottlenecks requiring systematic resolution.
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