1487 optimization of these entities [5,6]. Today, digital twin technology has been widely applied in fields such as industry and manufacturing and is expanding into the mining sector. For example, in the context of intelligent mine construction, MARARCO developed a virtual reality design and analysis system for mining engineering using real mine data to simulate the design, construction, and extraction phases of mining projects [7]. A design and operational model for fully mechanized mining face production systems based on digital twin technology has been proposed, which can optimize system design and operational efficiency while enabling collaborative operation among equipment [8,9]. Subsequently, the concept, architecture, and implementation methods of digital twin-based intelligent mining face systems were introduced, further extending the application of digital twins in intelligent mining [10-13]. By integrating digital twin technology with deep learning, a method for predicting shearer health status was developed through the construction of a digital twin body, enabling virtual visualization and predictive analysis of the shearer’s condition [14-16]. Virtual simulation of fully mechanized mining face production systems based on digital twin technology has taken initial shape, allowing for the optimization of shearer cutting paths and the pre-evaluation of various mining processes [17,18]. Additionally, a laboratory "support-surrounding rock" digital twin simulation test platform was developed and tested. This platform can simulate the "support-surrounding rock" environment under varying inclination angles in a laboratory setting, dynamically monitor the posture and status of hydraulic supports, simulate periodic and dynamic roof pressure, and support the development of new hydraulic support designs [19]. Due to the steep inclination of steeply dipping coal seam faces and the complexity of equipment stability control processes, higher demands are placed on support anti-toppling, anti-skidding, and steadystate control. Therefore, this study integrates digital twin technology in a laboratory environment to conduct a physical similarity simulation experiment on hydraulic supports in steeply dipping conditions. This enables the perception of the mechanical behavior between supports and the surrounding rock and equipment. The study reveals the dynamic multi-dimensional load transfer mechanisms from the surrounding rock and equipment to supports during processes such as initial setting, shifting, and conveyor advancing under inclination effects, as well as the spatiotemporal characteristics of the mechanical responses of supports and other equipment. This provides important theoretical support for the dynamic stability control of hydraulic supports in steeply dipping longwall faces. 2. CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC SUPPORTS ATTITUDE PERCEPTION AND SIMULATION SYSTEM The hydraulic support attitude perception and simulation system is a high-fidelity virtual model of the coal mining face constructed using digital technologies. Its core capability lies in enabling comprehensive and real-time monitoring of the entire coal mining face and its hydraulic supports, while providing a highly realistic operational environment for precise real-time control of the working face. During the mining process in steeply dipping coal seams, the interaction between hydraulic supports and the surrounding rock becomes particularly complex due to the inclination effect of gravity. This involves changes in mechanical properties, stress responses of the support structure, deformation control, and other aspects. Therefore, accurately grasping the attitude changes of hydraulic supports is of significant importance for optimizing their structural parameters and enhancing their level of intelligence. 2.1 System Design Framework Based on the large-scale physical simulation and experimental platform of the “support– surrounding rock” system at Xi'an University of Science and Technology (Fig. 1), the physical state of the working face with inclination angles ranging from 0° to 67° can be simulated. This provides a spatial operating environment for hydraulic supports and enables dynamic monitoring of their posture and load conditions.
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