1490 long-term data archiving, rapid retrieval, and historical review. This provides the data foundation for in-depth system analysis and forward-looking decision-making. 2.3.5 Digital Twin Modeling Module This module is the core driver of the system's operation. Utilizing data from the SQL Twin Database and advanced modeling/simulation tools such as SolidWorks, Maya, and Unity3D, it constructs precise 3D digital twin models of the hydraulic supports and experimental platform that correspond exactly to their physical counterparts. By employing C# scripts, the dynamic behaviors of the digital models can be accurately driven, enabling real-time synchronization and interactive mapping with the states of the physical entities. 2.3.6 Data Visualization Module The Data Visualization Module is responsible for transforming complex data and models into intuitive visual representations. Through this module, the real-time status, historical trends, and simulation analysis results of the hydraulic supports and platform are dynamically presented in various formats such as charts, dashboards, and 3D model animations. This provides users with an intuitive and comprehensive interface for monitoring and analyzing the overall system performance. 3. SIMILARITY SIMULATION EXPERIMENT OF STEEPLY DIPPING HYDRAULIC SUPPORTS BASED ON DIGITAL TWIN 3.1 Experimental Method and Testing Means The experiment simulated combined static and dynamic loading on hydraulic supports using the large-scale test platform inclined at 45°. The dynamic loading was categorized into three types: vertical impact load, rear-pushing impact load, and side-pushing impact load. The detailed loading schemes for the static and dynamic loads on the two supports are presented in Table 1. Table1. Loading Schemes Loading inclination Loading type Application location Load magnitude (P0, Pr) 45° Static load Top beam 40kN,0kN Dynamic load Top beam 40kN,8kN Dynamic load Side guard plate of top beam 5kN,0.8kN Dynamic load Shield beam 3kN,0.48kN A perception and monitoring array was implemented by deploying sensors across various structural regions of the support. Specifically, 9 sensors were installed on the canopy, 6 on the caving shield, and 6 on the side guard plates. Each individual pressure sensor had a measurement range of 0–20 kN. The digital twin system was used to monitor the inclination angle and load variations of the hydraulic supports in real-time. The motion behaviors of hydraulic supports include the lifting and lowering of columns, advancing, side protection, lateral adjustment, base lifting, among others (Fig.5). The twin behavior of the system primarily refers to the real-time digital twin mapping between the hydraulic supports and the platform. Specifically, the hydraulic support in the virtual space accurately and in real-time replicates the motion state of its physical counterpart in the steeply dipping mining face as it moves and changes.
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