1653 Figure 5 - Separation processes with two or more outlet mass flows [18]. The efficiency of the separation processes is determined by the mass yield Rm, the purity level Pm and the beneficial yield of useful substance Rc. The mass yield is given by the mass fraction of the rich substance used in any product. Speaking generally, the concept of mass yield Rm refers to the product of an enriched useful substance, and the degree of purity Pm takes into account the degree of contamination/purity of the useful product. [1] [2] The beneficial yield of useful substance Rc is an important technological parameter, where the inlflow and outflow Cm is generally given in % by weight instead in mass units. By utilizing the beneficial yield of useful substance Rc, the technological efficiency of various appliances, individual technological processes or the whole process of recovery/recycling of waste/mineral resources can be described. [3] In recycling production processes, the substances present for economic purpose are transformed, separated and/or bonded and thus brought into a different form that is useful for other purposes of use. The recycling process always follows the production process and can be designated as another type of production in which other substances and waste are processed. Both processes are common in both cases that there are one or more input streams and different output currents. Efficient management of production processes and the reuse of secondary raw materials are increasingly important and essential knowledge of the basic composition of waste. In contrast to the processing of mineral resources, waste management assessments should be carried out before the start of waste recovery to ensure a clear picture of the knowledge of waste, for example about city infrastructure that will be demolished, including estimates of waste materials, types and quantities of materials to be released, and recommendations on waste management [4]. Assessment is the first step towards proper recycling and waste management. 3.1 Overview of waste and mineral resources in Slovenia In Slovenia 2024, a little less than 10.3 million tonnes or almost a tenth less waste were generated compared to the year 2023 (see Figure 7.). Of this, construction waste dominated at 7.3 million tonnes, the amount of which decreased by about 14%, or almost 1.2 million tonnes. About 1.1 million tonnes of municipal waste were generated in 2024, or 526 kg per capita, which is 2% more than in the previous year. Almost 284,000 tonnes of mixed municipal waste were generated, which is 2% less than in the previous year. Mixed municipal waste represented a quarter of all municipal waste, followed by paper and cardboard waste (18%) and biodegradable waste (15%). Nearly three-quarters of all municipal waste was collected separately [ ] % $ "## ! & " & # " ! + " = ! ! ! ! " ! # [ ] % $ "## ! " " " " ! + = " ! " # " $ [ ] % $ "## ! # # " " " ! ! ! = " ! " ! # " $
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