1881 CONCLUSIONS - Graphene reinforced GFRP anchors demonstrate structural feasibility comparable to conventional Freyssinet 500E steel anchors within accepted geotechnical safety margins. - The composite system achieves approximately 31 percent reduction in required cross sectional area and 75 percent reduction in material density while maintaining similar bond length requirements and global stability performance. - The reduction in global Factor of Safety from 1.6 to 1.5 remains within commonly accepted design limits and does not modify the overall stabilization mechanism under the analyzed conditions. - The corrosion resistance and chemical inertness of graphene enhanced composites suggest improved durability potential compared to conventional steel systems, particularly in aggressive hydrogeological environments. - The quantified material optimization indicates potential embodied carbon benefits at scale, although detailed life cycle assessment remains a subject for future research. - Further work should focus on experimental pull out validation, long term creep assessment, durability testing under representative exposure conditions and pilot scale field implementation to support industrial application. - The results support the integration of advanced composite materials within established geotechnical design frameworks without modifying conventional stability criteria. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge the academic and technical environment that supported the development of this research. Constructive discussions within the geotechnical and mining engineering community contributed to the refinement of the analytical framework presented in this study. REFERENCES Alwash, D., Kalfat, R., Hu, A. L., & Mahdi, R. (2021). Development of a new nano modified cement based adhesive for FRP strengthened RC members. Construction and Building Materials, 277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122318 Estrada, J. (2012). Safety factors in slope stability according to Eurocode 7 and the Spanish National Annex. In VIII International Symposium on Slopes and Unstable Hillsides. Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Frank, I. W., Tanenbaum, D. M., van der Zande, A. M., & McEuen, P. L. (2007). Mechanical properties of suspended graphene sheets. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25(6), 2558–2561. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2789446 González, C., & Oxana, V. (2008). Properties and applications of graphene. Ingenierías, 11, 17–23. Graphenano Group. (2020). Pultrusion products catalogue. Graphenano Composites. Hugo, O., & Jaramillo, M. (2007). Mass movements in the Andean region: A guide for hazard assessment. Multinational Andean Project: Geosciences for Andean Communities. Ortúño, L. (2015). Slope stability in soils: Traditional limit equilibrium calculation and slice method. Sanz, R., Sobrecasas, M., & Diago, A. (2015). Slope stability: Basic concepts, design parameters and calculation methods. In Civilizate N°7 (pp. 50–54). Santamaría Arias, J., Parrilla Alcaide, Á., & Moreu Mesa, F. (2001). Guide for the design and execution of ground anchors in road works. Directorate General of Roads, Ministry of Public Works, Spain. Solelance Freyssinet. (2015). Geotechnical anchoring systems.
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