2219 Source: Prepared by the author based on Arnstein (1969), IAP2 (2018) and design of the Nuestros Saberes program. As Table 2 shows, the conventional social management practices of Peru's five largest mining companies operate predominantly at the levels of information and consultation—the intermediate steps on the participation spectrum. Antamina's Multi-Actor Model, with its 14 development roundtables, approaches the level of partnership , but without achieving the systematic co-production of information. Nuestros Saberes, on the other hand, is structurally positioned at the higher levels—partnership, delegated power, and citizen oversight—because its design not only consults the community but also transforms it into a producer of information, a generator of evidence, and a manager of its own territorial knowledge. This distinction is critical: while conventional models ask the community what it thinks (consultation), Nuestros Saberes provides the means for the community to produce the information that underpins its thoughts, decisions, and proposals (empowerment). The difference between "being consulted" and "producing one's own information" is the difference between symbolic participation and effective citizen power (Arnstein, 1969). 4.2 IFC Social and Environmental Performance Standards The IFC's Environmental and Social Sustainability Performance Standards establish requirements throughout the investment cycle. SD1 underscores the importance of integrated assessment, effective community participation based on information disclosure and consultation, and the management of environmental and social performance throughout the project. For Nuestros Saberes, SD1 is relevant because it creates conditions for informed and sustained participation, reducing information asymmetries. SD7 is critical in territories with Indigenous peoples, requiring culturally appropriate processes. SD8 guides the identification, protection, and safeguarding of cultural heritage—precisely what Nuestros Saberes works on regarding collective memory, cultural practices, and local repositories. 4.3 IDB Environmental and Social Policy Framework The IDB Framework establishes due diligence obligations, emphasizing access to information, participation, and justice. IDB ND10 translates into two implications for the program: (i) the need to build community capacity to understand, produce, and use relevant information, and (ii) to strengthen local mechanisms for communication and early resolution of concerns. The community library with internet access and the journalism and audiovisual communication modules are consistent with the principles of access to information; the research and diagnostic modules strengthen local capacity for informed participation. 4.4 ICMM: Principles and Maturity Matrix of Social Performance The ICMM defines social performance as the result of a company's activities and commitments that directly or indirectly impact stakeholders in the region. The Social Performance Maturity Matrix organizes the evaluation into four aspects: (i) leadership and culture, (ii) integration and systems, (iii) people and capabilities, and (iv) metrics. It proposes five levels of maturity—from "nascent" to "leadership." Nuestros Saberes contributes to achieving Level 5: Leader in Good Practices, by promoting maturity in all four aspects: leadership and culture (co-responsibility), integration and systems (information flow), people (skills development), and metrics (indicators and co-produced evidence). 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM NUESTROS SABERES Nuestros Saberes is a sociocultural and educational program designed to strengthen community capacities through an information generation cycle: learning → evidence production → diagnosis → project formulation → public use and reporting. Its central rationale is that education, when geared towards the production of local knowledge and the management of the territory, becomes a sustainable asset that enhances public and private investment. 5.1 Program components and value creation logic The five outcomes are organized as a sequential accumulation system, not as isolated activities. Each outcome enables the next, generating mutually reinforcing capabilities:
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