2368 6.5 Ethics and confidentiality Participation was voluntary and anonymous. No identifying organizational or personal data are collected. 7. RESULTS 7.1 Sample Characteristics A total of 124 valid responses were analyzed. The sample was balanced between mine operators (50.8%) and contractors (49.2%), providing a multi-company perspective. Respondents mainly represented open-pit mining (37.9%) and underground mining (36.3%), followed by processing plants (11.3%), exploration/project environments (10.5%), and smelting/refining (4.0%). The sample also reflected substantial mining experience: 47.6% of respondents reported 10–20 years of experience, while 25.8% reported more than 20 years. Regarding digital maturity, 84.7% of respondents indicated that digital tools are used either partially or widely for safety management. However, only 29.0% reported the use of advanced analytics or artificial intelligence, while 61.3% indicated that these technologies are not currently used. This suggests that digital safety tools are present in the surveyed mining contexts, but AI-enabled or advanced analytical applications remain comparatively limited. 7.2 Maturity of the Three Human + Digital Pillars Composite indices showed acceptable to high internal consistency across the three model pillars. The AI-augmented judgment and critical thinking pillar obtained a mean score of 3.76/5 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.727. The emotional intelligence, communication, and trust pillar obtained 3.90/5 and an alpha of 0.839. The strategic foresight and change management pillar obtained 3.85/5 and an alpha of 0.887. The global Human + Digital Leadership Index obtained 3.84/5 and an alpha of 0.907, supporting its use for exploratory interpretation. At the item level, 81.5% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that digital tools improve safety decision-making, but only 49.2% agreed that leaders critically question and validate digital information. This suggests that critical validation remains a development area. Communication emerged as the strongest dimension: 93.5% agreed that communication strengthens preventive culture, and 79.8% agreed that safety data are translated into understandable actions. For change management, 83.9% perceived long-term vision in technology adoption, but only 63.7% agreed that teams receive adequate support to adapt to new digital tools.
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