2398 executive decision-making level, with targeted training for senior management on how multilocality and reciprocity networks generate operational risks that can be mitigated through informed design. 6. CONCLUSIONS Indigenous resettlement in Andean mining territories is not inherently conflictive. Conflict arises when static assessment methodologies fail to capture dynamic territorial complexity, producing a gap between what is assessed and what is actually displaced, and when this intelligence is not integrated in a timely and adequate manner into mine planning. This gap—between census-based residence data and the complete multilocal territorial system—is the structural cause of post-resettlement conflict, not an inevitable feature of indigenous displacement. The integrated methodology proposed herein—combining ethnographic assessment, kinship network analysis overlaid on GIS, early integration into mine design and LOM planning, and holistic wellbeing monitoring—addresses this structural gap. Each layer produces operational products that translate social complexity into engineering-compatible information: territorial maps, dependency matrices, displacement forecasts, and wellbeing indicators. The energy transition paradox—wherein the urgency to access critical minerals leads to compressing the social timelines that generate precisely the conflicts delaying production—can only be resolved through what we term intelligent social planning. Investing three to four additional months in comprehensive territorial understanding at the outset of a project prevents years of operational disruption. For an industry facing simultaneous pressures from investment, social licence, and political legitimacy, this approach aligns sustainability with operational efficiency. Given that global copper demand is projected to increase by 50% by 2040 to support renewable energy infrastructure, the question is not whether mining will interact with indigenous territories, but how. The methodologies presented here offer a pathway towards responsible mineral extraction that respects indigenous territorial systems while securing resources essential for the global energy transition— transforming resettlement from social risk into strategic value. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges the reviewers and colleagues who contributed comments to the development of this work. REFERENCES Altamirano, T. (1984). Presencia andina en Lima Metropolitana: un estudio sobre migrantes y clubes de provincianos. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Davis, R., & Franks, D. M. (2011). The costs of conflict with local communities in the extractive industry. Brisbane: Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, University of Queensland. Franks, D. M., Davis, R., Brereton, D., & Vanclay, F. (2014). Conflict translates environmental and social risk into business costs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(21), 7576–7581. Gil, V. (2009). Aterrizaje minero. Cultura, conflicto, negociaciones y lecciones para el desarrollo desde la minería en Ancash. Lima: IEP. Golte, J., & Adams, N. (1987). Los caballos de Troya de los invasores: Estrategias campesinas en la conquista de la Gran Lima. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP).
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