2609 Fig. 2: Tonnage and grade of global graphite deposits / occurrences Red: lumps; black: cryptocrystalline quality; yellow: flakes On the one hand, Figure 2 shows the enormous ranges in both the C-grade of the ore and resources, as well as the characteristic distribution of ore qualities (lumps, flakes, cryptocrystallines). 3.1 Geopolitical and socioeconomic settings For linking the resource data with political stability, the annually updated key figure (“political stability and absence of violence”) from the World Bank's World Governance Indicators was used (as of 2024). The average per capita annual income was derived using annually updated information from the World Bank. The Democracy Index created by the University of Würzburg was used to classify the understanding of democracy among the individual countries. The influences of environmental impacts were measured using the Yale University Environmental Performance index (EPI). 3.2 Regional settings The level of development status of the individual production or resource countries was determined in accordance with the classification by the UN. It should be noted that the term “transition countries” is no longer applicable and these countries have been transferred to a “developed” or “developing” category. The classification according to world regions was carried out in accordance with the classification by the UN. Through appropriate attribution, resource information from deposits of any economic blocs (e.g. European Union, Mercosur, etc.) could also be determined. Figure 3: Global distribution of different types of graphite deposits / occurrences green: flakes; white: cryptocrystalline quality; red: lumps; blue: mixed quality
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