261 2. RESEARCH STATUS OF INFLUENCING FACTORS OF FUEL CONSUMPTION Current research focus on three core influencing factors: At the working condition level, fuel consumption under heavy-load conditions accounts for 60%-75% of total energy consumption, while there are significant differences in energy consumption under no-load, idle speed and other working conditions[4][5]; At the road surface level, tests have verified a positive correlation between slope and fuel consumption: the fuel consumption increases by an average of 8%-12% for every 1% increase in slope[6]. Additionally, the roughness of mine roads in mines will increase tire rolling resistance by more than 30%, thereby increasing fuel consumption[7]; At the driving behavior level, bad habits such as sudden acceleration and sudden deceleration will increase fuel consumption, and standardized driving can reduce fuel consumption by about 8%[8]. Existing studies have shortcomings such as single data collection dimension, lack of consideration of multi-factor coupling effects, insufficient accuracy of quantitative models, and lack of closed-loop active optimization schemes[9][10]. Therefore, this study focuses on multi-source data fusion technology to construct a full-dimensional fuel consumption monitoring and analysis system, providing an accurate and efficient energy-saving optimization scheme for open-pit mines[11][12]. 3. DESIGN OF MULTI-SOURCE DATA COLLECTION AND FUSION SYSTEM With the goal of "accurately capturing factors affecting fuel consumption and realizing in-depth collaboration of multi-source data", we build an interface with the data-collection module and the dispatching system to get the multi-dimensional data such as fuel flow, road network characteristics and operation conditions, that provide comprehensive and reliable data support for the subsequent analysis of fuel consumption influence mechanisms, construction of an energy efficiency system, and formulation of optimization strategies. 3.1. Fuel Consumption Data Collection The fuel consumption data collection device consists of a multi-functional integrated flow sensor (integrated controller), an oil return cooler, wire harnesses and installation accessories. The integrated fuel consumption flowmeter is installed between the oil tank outlet and the engine filter inlet, and is fixed on the beam inside the front wheel of the mining truck with mounting bracket screws to measure the engine fuel consumption, instantaneous fuel consumption, oil tank fuel quantity and other parameters in real time. The oil return cooler is installed at the front of the engine water tank, side by side with the mine truck air conditioning cooler, and uses the wind when the mining trucks driving and the suction of the engine fan for cooling. An integrated diesel metering device is added between the fuel tank and the engine of the mining trucks to realize accurate and real-time statistics of fuel consumption data. This device supports data output every second, and is equipped with a high-precision GPS positioning module, which can fully cover fuel consumption data collection under all working conditions such as parking idle speed and driving operation, providing high-granularity data support for subsequent analysis of fuel consumption differences under different working conditions. 3.2. Mining Trucks Data Collection By reading the mining trucks engine bus data, comprehensive collection of mining trucks operation status information is realized. The collected content mainly includes key information such as engine speed, oil temperature, transmission gear, reverse state, parking state and braking state. Engine speed and oil temperature can reflect the engine working load, which is directly related to fuel combustion efficiency; The transmission gear, reverse/parking/braking state can help judge the current operation stage of the mining
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