280 ` Figure 1. (a) Parabolic concentrator system for glass tubes containing catalyst and contaminated water [6]; (b) photocatalytic decontamination of phenol-contaminated water using different film thickneses [6]; (c) disinfection efficiencies after hundreds of hours of operation [7]; (d) water disinfection in an autonomous recirculating compound parabolic collector system with supported cellulose/TiO₂ and ruthenium-based catalysts, evaluated in Cusco [8]; (e) photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli as a function of catalyst reuse cycles and indicated treatment times [8]; (f) compound parabolic collector system enabling bacteria decontamination from water [9,10]; (g) E. coli concentration as function of time during photocatalytic experiments using the CPC reactor under the shown condition [9]; (h) capacitive deionization (CDI) prototype and electrode for water desalination [11,12]; (l) dynamic response of the CDI system [11]. Furthermore, Figure 2(f) shows the design of a portable system intended for emergency areas lacking safe drinking water [15], and for bacterial disinfection using solar energy with a photocatalyst developed by us [14] shown in Figure 2(g). The system demonstrated water disinfection efficiencies of four orders of magnitude under laboratory conditions after 30 min of treatment, as it is shown in Figure 2(h) [15], and with real water under field conditions, Figure 2(i), disinfection was achieved in less than 15 minutes [14], this was because the bacteria concentration was 3480 CFU/mL, at least three orders of magnitude less than under laboratory conditions. `
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