353 4.3. Risk Severity Aggregation and Propagation Analysis (Stage 3) The aggregated analysis performed in Stage 3 identified several zones with significant risk accumulation within the evaluated operational context, classified as spatial hotspots. Across the analyzed large-scale open-pit mining operations in Brazil and Peru, recurring interaction patterns with elevated severity indicators were consistently observed at mixed-traffic intersections involving haul trucks and light vehicles. These patterns represent recurrent high-risk interaction conditions where vehicle trajectories frequently converge under varying speeds, visibility conditions, and reaction times. As a representative example, Figure 7 illustrates a schematic hotspot scenario corresponding to this type of intersection, derived from patterns consistently observed across multiple sites. In these areas, a high concentration of interactions with elevated severity indicators was observed within a limited spatial region, with accumulated severity levels close to the high-risk threshold defined by the expert system. These results were visualized in the spatial risk monitoring dashboard, allowing safety specialists to review recurrent interaction patterns and evaluate their operational context. The analysis revealed consistent behavioral patterns in which light vehicles initiated braking late when approaching haul truck paths, frequently remaining within blind-spot regions. Figure 7 – Schematic spatial hotspot identified at a mixed-traffic haul truck–light vehicle intersection. Typical reconstructed scenarios showed vehicle separations on the order of a few meters, reflecting interaction patterns associated with elevated operational risk according to the contextual severity indicators. Three representative schematic events associated with this type of hotspot are shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 – Schematic reconstruction of representative high-severity interaction scenarios at mixed-traffic intersections. These scenarios illustrate a common interaction pattern consistently observed across the analyzed operations. The analysis supported practical safety recommendations, including adjustments to stop-control positioning and local traffic organization, consistent with the behavioral patterns identified in these scenarios.
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