511 of the pulp lifters, and the presence of slurry pooling were also investigated. Some examples of activities undertaken during the survey are shown in Figure 3. These surveys enabled calibration of site-specific models and ensured alignment between actual plant performance and simulated performance. Figure 27 – Sampling activities and equipment inspections during the survey 2.4 Mathematical Modelling and Simulations Site-specific models were developed in JKSimMet for both Phase I and Phase II grinding circuits (Figure 4 and 5). Model calibration was performed using survey data and validated against historical operating performance. To assess the downstream impacts of increased grinding throughput, a site-specific flotation model was developed in JKSimFloat (Figure 6). Integrated grinding and flotation simulations were performed to quantify tradeoffs between throughput, grind size, copper recovery, and concentrate grade. These simulations enabled identification of bottlenecks and evaluation of both operational and capital intensive debottlenecking strategies.
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