617 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Life Cycle Assessment conducted by Minviro Ltd. (Lydia Bridges, Senior Consultant; Him Shun Yu, Senior Analyst; Irdanto Saputra Lase, Senior Scientist). Background data: ecoinvent 3.11 / 3.12. Impact Assessment: Environmental Footprint 3.1. SX/EW data provided by Minviro. Minviro did not contribute to the conventional pyrometallurgical benchmarking analysis. All results are preliminary and subject to revision. REFERENCES 1. International Copper Association. (2023). Copper environmental profile: Global summary 2023. International Copper Association. https://internationalcopper.org 2. CarbonChain. (2024). Understand your copper emissions. CarbonChain. https://carbonchain.com 3. Coalition for Energy Efficient Comminution. (2021). Mining energy consumption 2021. CEEC. https://ceecthefuture.org 4. Reyes, R., Moran-Tejeda, E., Molina, J., and Salazar, C. (2018). Reducing GHG global emissions from copper refining and sea shipping of Chile’s mining exports. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 768–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.240 5. Gao, F., Nie, Z., Yang, Z., Sun, B., Liu, Y., and Gong, X. (2024). Assessment of carbon emissions and reduction potential in China’s copper smelting industry. Journal of Industrial Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13449 6. Reemeyer, L. (2016). What drives GHG emissions from copper production? Resourceful Paths. https://resourcefulpaths.com
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