716 In the broader context of the global energy transition and increasing demand for critical materials, the integration of thermodynamic modelling into process development represents a key enabler for transforming industrial residues into valuable secondary resources. Such approaches help reduce reliance on primary extraction, lower environmental footprints, and strengthen resource security. By combining predictive modelling with targeted experimentation, this methodology contributes to building more sustainable, transparent, and responsible mineral supply chains, aligned with the urgent call for innovation and trust in the mining sector. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank the CERCA programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and the ICP for institutional support. REFERENCES Binnemans, K., Jones, P.T., Müller, T. and Yurramendi, L., (2015). Recovery of rare earths from industrial waste residues: A concise review. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. 1, 29-38. Connolly, J.A.D., (2005). Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: A tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 236(1-2), 524-541. Connolly, J.A.D., (2009). The geodynamic equation of state: What and how. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 10(10), Q10014. Ekanayake, S.A. et al., (2025). Recent advances in Magnéli phase titanium oxides. Chemical Science. European Commission, (2023). Critical Raw Materials Act. Brussels: European Commission. European Commission, (2023). Study on the EU’s list of Critical Raw Materials. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. EURO-Titan Project, (2024). EURO-Titan: Sustainable titanium production from metallurgical residues. Horizon Europe Programme. EURO-Titan Project, (2024). EURO-Titan project presentation and technical overview. Brussels: European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA), European Commission. Friedrich, B., Stopic, S. et al., (2017). Red mud as a secondary resource for titanium and iron recovery. World of Metallurgy - ERZMETALL. 70(5), 259-267. Hayes, P.C., (2016). Process Principles in Minerals and Materials Production. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Hewlett, P. and Liska, M., (2019). Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete (5th ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. Holland, T.J.B. and Powell, R., (1998). An internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 16(3), 309-343. Liu, K. et al., (2018). Preparation of porous Ti₂O₃ via carbothermal reduction of titanium dioxide. Ceramics International. Mizuno, Y. et al., (2002). Temperature dependence of oxide decomposition on titanium surfaces. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2