74 and fluid focusing pathways. This step is essential for reducing spatial overgeneralization and improving geological realism. At the geodynamic scale, incorporating quantitative plate-tectonic parameters—such as convergence rate variability, slab geometry evolution, and obliquity—would enable dynamic rather than static representations of tectonic controls on mineralization. Such integration would align regional prospectivity modeling with time-dependent mineral system evolution. Furthermore, incorporating hydrothermal fluid characterization, including fluid inclusion studies and trace-element signatures, would allow discrimination between permissive magmatic corridors and systems that achieved effective metal transport and precipitation. This represents a critical shift from identifying where mineral systems could form to understanding where they were most efficient. Ultimately, the evolution of Andean exploration strategies depends on integrating tectonics, structural architecture, magmatic geochemistry, and predictive modeling within a coherent mineral systems framework. Strengthening geological realism in model inputs will enable a transition from probabilistic permissivity maps to more robust assessments of mineral system fertility and efficiency, increasing the likelihood of identifying concealed or underexplored deposits. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Jesús Alberto Torres Guerra for his guidance and for providing us with the opportunity to learn about Mineral Systems, and to Msc. Alonso A. Marchena Campos for placing his trust in us and allowing us to contribute to the Mineral Systems Pilot Project within the Metallogeny Area of the INGEMMET. REFERENCES Bonhomme, M.G., Carlier, G., 1990. Relations entre magmatisme et minéralisations dans le Batholite d′Andahuaylas-Yauri (Sud Pérou): données géochronologiques. In: 2nd International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics, Grenoble, France, pp. 329–331. Rivera, R.; Acosta, J.; Heo, C.-H.; Ryoo, C.-R.; Bustamante, A.; Villarreal, E. & Santisteban, A. 2011. Metalogenia del Batolito Andahuaylas – Yauri y sus implicancias en la exploración de pórfidos Cu – Au. Lima: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico. Dirección de Recursos Minerales y Energéticos, p. 17 McCuaig, T.C., Hronsky, J.M.A. 2014. The mineral system concept: the key to exploration targeting. Society of Economic Geologists. Special Publication. 18, p. 153-175. Marchena, A., Silva, M., Gómez, E. 2025. Aplicación del enfoque de Sistemas Minerales e Inteligencia Artificial para la predictibilidad de mineralización por elementos críticos. ProEXPLO 2025. Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú. Mc Clay, K. R. (1992). Thrust Tectonics. Department of Geology Royal Holloway and Bedford New College University of London. Chapman & Hall., 447p. Wyborn, L. A. I., Heinrich, C. A., & Jaques, A. L. (1994). Australian Proterozoic mineral systems: essential ingredients and mappable criteria. In 1994 AusIMM Annual Conference: Australian Mining Looks North-the Challenges and Choices (pp. 109-115). Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
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