884 for their potential benefits in stability and water conservation, their share within the global inventory remains substantially lower than that of conventional tailings systems. This disparity highlights the continued predominance of conventional deposition methods. It underscores the need to examine the technical, economic, and regulatory factors that are influencing the slower adoption of filtered tailings across regions and commodity sectors. Persistent barriers include high capital and operating costs, increased energy requirements for mechanical dewatering, logistical challenges for placing and managing filtered tailings at scale, and limited operational experience across certain commodity types and climatic conditions. These factors collectively contribute to the continued predominance of conventional tailings management practices within the global inventory (Josic L. et al., 2024). Figure 1: Tailings Storage Facilities Globally, 1980–2021 (Josic L. et al., 2024, based on GRID-Arendal, 2021 data) OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE This paper examines the tailings material characterization requirements and geotechnical design considerations for filtered tailings stacks with the overarching goal of enhancing safety, water recovery, and operational performance. The scope encompasses both the fundamental material properties that influence filtration behavior—such as particle size distribution, moisture retention characteristics, and unsaturated shear strength—and the operational and environmental conditions that govern how these materials perform once placed in a stack. It places particular emphasis on understanding how moisture variability, matric suction, compaction practices, and stack geometry interact to control stability and trafficability over the life of the facility. In doing so, the paper aims to clarify the suite of laboratory evaluations, field observations, and numerical analyses required to develop a defensible design basis for filtered tailings. The objectives also include identifying the operational controls and monitoring strategies necessary to maintain the tailings within a defined moisture and density envelope, recognizing that filtered tailings behave as an unsaturated, stress‑ and suction‑dependent material whose performance is sensitive to climatic cycles, infiltration events,
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