Additionally, operational improvements should prioritize ensuring face readiness, stable energy and water supply, and adequate operator availability, as these factors represent the main causes of productivity losses. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge the support received during the development of this study and the contributions of the personnel involved in data collection and operational monitoring. REFERENCES Apaza, E. (2017). Reduction of unproductive times to increase the utilization of loading and hauling equipment through continuous productivity improvement at the Chalarina pit, Minera Shahuindo S.A.C. National University of Trujillo, School of Mining Engineering, La Libertad, Peru. Arriel, P., Arellano, V., & Rojas, P. (2016). Identification and analysis of unproductive time in equipment related to the main operational activities of the production cycle in an underground mine using Sublevel Stoping. GERENS Graduate School, Lima, Peru. Bernaola, H. (2012). Total productivity management in underground mining companies. Gestio Polis, 19–69. Gómez, G. (2017). Availability of auxiliary equipment to optimize productivity in loading and hauling in phases 01, 03, and 07 of Constancia Pit, Stracon Gym S.A. National University of San Agustín of Arequipa, School of Mining Engineering, Arequipa, Peru. Martínez, B. (2016). Production increase through time management in ore transportation in the Nicole sector, Esperanza II mining concession, Minecsa mining company, Zaruma– Ecuador. National University of Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru.
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