Figure 5 – Appearance of the acrylamide system 6. CONCLUSIONES This study enabled a comparative assessment of the rheological, kinetic, and mechanical behavior of acrylamide-based, acrylate-based, and colloidal silica grouting systems, highlighting relevant differences associated with their chemical nature and gelation mechanisms. All evaluated systems exhibited very low initial viscosities, confirming their suitability for grouting applications in media with high residual permeability and fine fracturing. Polymeric systems demonstrated a high capacity for gel time control through the adjustment of activator and retarder dosages, whereas colloidal silica exhibited a progressive and stable gelation process regulated by the concentration of the saline activator. In the hardened state, colloidal silica stood out for its greater rigidity and structural stability, acrylic resins for their more flexible and deformable behavior, and acrylamide-based resins for a more brittle response. Overall, the results confirm that the selection of the grouting system should be based on a balance between penetrability, kinetic control, and final mechanical performance, according to the geotechnical conditions and functional requirements of the project. Although the results obtained provide valuable insight into the behavior of highpenetrability grouting materials under controlled laboratory conditions, it is important to note that this study is limited to laboratory-scale evaluation. Field-scale validation and long-term performance assessment are required to confirm the effectiveness, durability, and constructability of these materials under real geotechnical and hydraulic conditions. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK This study focuses on laboratory-scale evaluation of grouting materials. Future work should include field trials to assess injectability under real pressure conditions, interaction with insitu geological formations, and long-term durability of the treated zones. Monitoring of permeability reduction and mechanical performance over time is recommended to validate the applicability of these materials in full-scale projects. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank the chemical suppliers of the evaluated systems for providing the materials and for the technical support offered, including the participation of their specialists in explaining the operating principles and characteristics of each product. The author also acknowledges Soletanche Bachy Perú, the company to which she belongs, for providing the facilities, equipment, instruments, and resources necessary for the execution of the experimental testing program.
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