reduced set of operational risk levels, supporting rapid interpretation in control-room environments and consistent alerts prioritization. Step 4. Operational integration and monitoring. The severity indicators generated in the previous step are integrated into the operational safety environment to support near real-time monitoring and decision-making. Events exceeding the site-defined prioritization criteria are automatically highlighted for review by dispatch and safety personnel. The prioritized alerts are visualized through a safety monitoring dashboard, enabling rapid identification of critical interactions and consistent tracking of risk conditions across operational zones, enabling safety teams to focus on interactions that may require operational attention according to site-defined prioritization criteria. Overall, Stage 2 provides an interpretable and auditable mechanism for contextual interpretation and prioritization of CAS interaction alerts under real operational constraints. 3.3 Risk Severity Aggregation and Propagation Analysis (Stage 3) Stage 3 performs an aggregated analysis of collision risk by integrating interaction severity indicators derived from CAS alerts, spatial distribution, and temporal recurrence to identify accumulated-risk zones (hotspots). It transitions from individual event assessment to a macro-level characterization of operational risk. The step-based methodology is illustrated in Figure 3. The analysis uses georeferenced CAS alerts together with outputs from previous stages: (i) functional zone per event (Stage 1), (ii) estimated collision risk severity (Stage 2), and (iii) recurrence of interaction alerts as a measure of exposure. Figure 3 – Step-based methodology for spatial risk aggregation and propagation analysis in Stage 3. Step 1. Spatial discretization. The mine is discretized using a structured spatial partition designed to provide homogeneous and scalable analysis units across the operation. Each spatial unit represents an elementary analysis cell and serves as a node within the spatial risk model. Step 2. Aggregated risk assessment. Each spatial unit is assigned a normalized risk indicator that integrates the severity of alerts and their recurrence within the unit. This aggregation, defined using expert criteria from mine safety and CAS domains, captures both the intensity and persistence of risk at each location.
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