The study includes an evaluation of the sorting process mass balance, the estimation of metallurgical grades for preconcentrate and reject streams, and the quantification of additional fine tonnes of copper, zinc, silver, and molybdenum. It also determines the incremental economic value generated by incorporating these additional reserves, considering metallurgical recovery and metal prices from the Life of Mine (LOM), plan. The scope does not include detailed engineering of the sorting plant or advanced geometallurgical modeling, but instead focuses on reserve quantification, economic impact, and changes in key operating parameters resulting from the adoption of the process. 3. STATE OF ART In contemporary mining practice, the estimation of resources and reserves is carried out under internationally standardized frameworks, such as the JORC Code, NI 43-101, CIM, and PERC, which establish technical, geological, and economic criteria for classifying the extractive potential of a mineral deposit. These well-established methodologies are based on a sequential process that begins with geological understanding and culminates in the estimation of economically mineable reserves. 3.1 Geological Resource Quantification The estimation of a deposit’s potential is carried out through the integration of exploration data, geological interpretation, and three-dimensional modeling, considering criteria such as lithology, alteration, mineralization, and geometallurgical response, together with QA/QC validation processes, compositing, and analysis. Based on this, resource quantification is performed using a block model, which is estimated through geostatistical techniques, including kriging, co-kriging, nearest neighbor, and indicator methods. Within the model, blocks are classified as Measured, Indicated, and Inferred Resources according to their level of confidence and geological continuity, with the objective of quantifying both the volume and the spatial distribution of metals 3.2 Conversion of Resources to Reserves through Modifying Factors To determine mining viability, modifying factors are applied, including mining parameters (slopes, methods, dilution, losses), metallurgical aspects (recoveries, penalties, constraints), and economic factors (metal prices, mining costs, processing, administrative costs, among others). Only blocks that meet these criteria are reclassified as Proven and Probable Reserves. 3.3 Traditional Definition of Cut-off Grade The cut-off grade is determined by comparing the economic value of the metal contained in each block with the marginal costs associated with its mining, processing, and
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