ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is part of the ValorWaste Project "Valorization and Integration of Extractive Waste Towards the Sustainability of Raw Materials Industry" with the reference ERA-MIN3/0002/2023, DOI: https://doi.org/10.54499/ERAMIN3/0002/2023, funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., through national funds within the framework of the M-ERA-NET3 network "ERA-NET Cofund in raw materials". This work was developed at R&D UID/04028 of the CERENA - Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment – CERENA - funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P./ MCTES through the national funds. REFERENCES AMIRA International (2002). ARD Test Handbook, Project P387A. Prediction and Kinetic Control of Acid Mine Drainage. Melbourne: AMIRA International Limited. Argane, R., Benzaazoua, M., Hakkou, R., & Bouamrane, A. (2016). A comparative study on the practical use of low sulfide base-metal tailings as aggregates for rendering and masonry mortars. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 914–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.004 Barroso, A., Antunes, I. M. H. R., Braga, M. A. S., Cerqueira, Â., Gomes, P., Henriques, R., … Valente, T. M. (2026). Mine waste as a dual threat and opportunity: Linking mineralogy to environmental impact and critical element recovery. Science of The Total Environment, 1012, 181272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181272. Beylot, A., Bodénan, F., Guezennec, A.-G., & Muller, S. (2022). LCA as a support to more sustainable tailings management: critical review, lessons learnt and potential way forward. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 183, 106347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106347. Black CA (1965) Methods of soil analysis: Part II chemical and biological properties, N°. 9 (Part 2), Second Edition, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 914–926. CEN (2003) EN 12457-4; Characterisation of Waste—Leaching—Compliance Test for Leaching of Granular Waste Materials and Sludges—Part 4: One Stage Batch Test at a Liquid to Solid Ratio of 10 L/Kg for Materials with Particle Size below 10 Mm (Without or with Size). European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium, 2003. Coles, C., & Yong, R. (2002). Aspects of kaolinite characterization and retention of Pb and Cd. Applied Clay Science, 22(1–2), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01691317(02)00110-2.
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