scale. The goal is to select the single best development case, reducing uncertainty to a range of ±20-30%. • Feasibility (FS): To support a Final Investment Decision (FID), uncertainty must be minimized to ±10-15%. For tailings, this necessitates a representative bulk sampling program and, crucially, pilot-scale processing. Unlike a mine, where the ore body is fixed, a tailings project allows for engineering the feed (e.g., blending). The pilot plant validates that the proposed flowsheet works on the actual variable feed, not just a composite sample. To operationalize this structured process, we propose applying an "Integrated DeRisking Matrix." Table 2 presents a typical framework illustrating that engineering confidence must advance synchronously across all critical disciplines. While this matrix should be adapted to the site-specific context of each project, it provides a roadmap for conducting a comprehensive assessment, with uncertainty systematically reduced and risks mitigated across all engineering stages.
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