mining value chain, production drilling has become a focal point for digital transformation due to its direct influence on blasting outcomes, rock fragmentation, downstream comminution efficiency, and overall copper mine performance. The following review synthesizes the most relevant research developments, industrial implementations, and emerging trends in the digitalization of drilling operations. 2.1 Industrial IoT and Real-Time Data Acquisition The integration of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies into drilling systems has enabled high-frequency acquisition of operational parameters such as penetration rate, torque, rotation speed, and pulldown force. These time-series datasets provide the foundation for real-time process monitoring and predictive analytics [1], [2]. Huamán and Gómez [3] demonstrated the feasibility of real-time monitoring systems for vibration control in drilling, highlighting measurable improvements in process visibility. Similarly, Petrick and Kaiser [4] describe the evolution of historical data access architectures in process industries, emphasizing their relevance for high-resolution industrial telemetry. 2.2 Industrial Connectivity and Private LTE Networks A central challenge in applying IoT to mining is the lack of robust connectivity in remote and harsh environments. Traditional Wi-Fi and cellular solutions often fail to provide coverage across large open-pit areas. To address this gap, mining operations have increasingly deployed private LTE and 5G networks to enable resilient, low-latency communication between rigs, edge devices, and central servers. Recent research supports the deployment of private LTE networks as a robust alternative for industrial environments [5], [6]. Calle and Chero [5] proposed a management model for private LTE service architectures in mining operations, while Chau [6] analyzed LTE performance in harsh environments, demonstrating low-latency communication capabilities suitable for real-time control systems. These findings align with industry practices increasingly adopting private LTE infrastructures to support drilling telemetry and fleet integration. 2.3 Data Integration and Interoperability Despite the proliferation of sensing and connectivity technologies, interoperability challenges remain a major barrier to realizing digital drilling’s full potential. Mining fleets often comprise equipment from multiple manufacturers, each with proprietary control systems, data protocols, and heterogeneous PLC architectures. This fragmentation inhibits comprehensive data integration and cross-rig analytics. Standards such as OPC DA, OPC UA, and OPC HDA have emerged as key enablers of interoperability [7]. The OPC Foundation specification [1] formalizes mechanisms for accessing real-time and historical industrial data. Gonzales and Córdova [7] further discuss the
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