which will define new relationships and methods for collaboration. Engineering and construction contractors will need to seek ways to improve design productivity and seek ways to work with original equipment manufacturers and local contractors to gain the best overall delivery schedules. As well as the historical engineering processes and study/project delivery phases there will be greater engagements from mining customers with local communities in the region of their projects. This will influence the social license to operate and demonstrate a commitment to enhancing the conditions of the local communities as part of the overall project economics. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Bechtel for permission to publish this paper as well as the Bechtel Mining and Metals colleagues who have advised on the content of the paper. REFERENCES Business risks in mining and metals 2015–2016. (2015). London, UK: EYGM Limited , p.52. Sanders , I. and Cormack, D. (2018). Mining capital projects Are you ready for the next capex investment cycle? London, UK: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, p.24. https://www.deloitte.com/au/en/Industries/mining-metals/perspectives/mining-capital-projects.html. Westney, R. (2014). Annual Perspective 2014 - Approximating the Disproportionate Growth in the Cost of Capital Projects. Houston, TX, USA: Westney Consulting Group, p.6.
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