Table 2 – Energy results from simulation across selected scenarios Scenario Throughput (tph) Specific Energy (kWh/t) Base Case 86.6 19.60 Sim 1 92.4 18.83 Sim 5 96.6 18.36 Sim 7 101.0 20.08 Sim 8 101.0 20.57 4.3.2 Life Cycle Impact Results: Electricity and Consumables Life cycle carbon impacts were calculated by combining scenario-specific outputs from the process optimisation model with the shared inventory defined in Section 4.2. Electricity-related emissions were derived from simulated specific energy values, while consumable-related emissions were calculated from mass-based consumable intensities linked to cradle-to-gate emission factors. Results are expressed as kg CO₂e per tonne of ore processed. Electricity-related emissions Electricity-related carbon intensity for each scenario was calculated using scenariospecific energy and a representative emission factor, as shown in Eq. (1): , = × (Eq.1) where , is electricity-related carbon intensity (kg CO₂e/t ore), is scenario-specific energy consumption (kWh/t ore), and E is the electricity emission factor (kg CO₂e/kWh). Consumables-related emissions Consumable-related emissions were calculated from mass-based consumable intensities normalised to throughput and combined with cradle-to-gate emission factors. Consumables include grinding media and mill liners associated with the two primary ball mills and the VTM. For each scenario s, total consumable-related carbon intensity was calculated as shown in Eq. (2): , = ∑( , × ) (Eq.2) where , is consumable-related carbon intensity (kg CO₂e/t ore), , is mass intensity of consumable i (kg/t ore), and is the cradle-to-gate emission factor (kg CO₂e/kg). Consumable mass intensities were derived from operational data and normalised to the functional unit, ensuring consistency with both process optimisation outputs and life cycle inventory requirements. Operational basis for consumable mass estimation
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