medium-term operational variability, supporting day-to-day decisions such as ore blending and scheduling to ensure production targets are met and metallurgical recovery is optimized. Together, strategic and tactical geometallurgy aim to maximize mining value while reducing technical and operational risk. Many Mine-to-Mill initiatives have demonstrated that tailored blasting “recipes” can unlock meaningful short-term gains in throughput and energy efficiency. However, the long-term sustainability of these gains remains constrained when strategies are not continuously adapted to evolving orebody conditions. As geological domains shift and operational constraints change across the mining value chain, static design assumptions progressively lose validity. Sustained value creation therefore requires a dynamic, datadriven framework capable of detecting, quantifying, and responding to variability in a systematic manner. Geometallurgy provides this framework. By building high-resolution, spatially representative databases of ore attributes, operations can develop predictive models to rapidly approximate ore competency, mill throughput, and flotation response from routinely available multi-element geochemical data. This transforms ore characterisation from a reactive diagnostic tool into a predictive capability that informs both short-term operational decisions and life-of-mine strategy. In this context, blasting, blending, and processing are no longer isolated optimisation exercises, but coordinated levers within an integrated system. Figure 9 presents a proposed workflow integrating Mine-to-Mill and geometallurgy as a roadmap toward sustainable process integration. Their shared foundation is a rigorous and reproducible ore characterisation methodology capable of capturing variability across the deposit at the appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. When systematically linked to plant performance, this foundation establishes a continuous feedback loop between geology, mining, and processing. Figure 42 – Integrating the Mine-to-Mill and Geometallurgy – The Roadmap to a Sustainable Process Integration
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