2.4 Mathematical Modelling and Simulations Site-specific models were developed in JKSimMet for both Phase I and Phase II grinding circuits (Figure 4 and 5). Model calibration was performed using survey data and validated against historical operating performance. To assess the downstream impacts of increased grinding throughput, a site-specific flotation model was developed in JKSimFloat (Figure 6). Integrated grinding and flotation simulations were performed to quantify tradeoffs between throughput, grind size, copper recovery, and concentrate grade. These simulations enabled identification of bottlenecks and evaluation of both operational and capital intensive debottlenecking strategies. Figure 4 – JKSimMet model flowsheet for Phase I Grinding circuit. Figure 5 – JKSimMet Model flowsheet for Phase II Grinding Line SAG Total Load (Exp) 25.0 Total Load (Calc) 25.0 CYC Units in Parallel 40 Pressure, kPa (Exp) 90.0 Pressure, kPa (Calc) 90.0 Ball Mill 2-Prod 7,093.0 7,139.8 0.6 0.6 62.8 62.8 6,580.2 6,625.2 TPH - Solids (Exp) TPH - Solids (Sim) P80 (Exp) P80 (Sim) % Solids (Exp) % Solids (Sim) Volume Flow (Exp) Volume Flow (Sim) Trommel Screen-U/S 4,476.0 4,476.0 4.0 3.5 71.1 70.7 3,319.8 3,353.4 Pebble Cruhser-Prod 653.0 726.9 16.6 19.3 97.6 99.8 235.1 245.4 CYC-O/F 4,476.0 4,475.9 0.2 0.2 29.7 29.5 12,082.2 12,178.5 CYC-U/F 14,186.7 14,279.5 1.1 1.2 80.4 80.4 8,225.8 8,264.1 Cyc Feed 18,662.7 18,755.4 0.8 0.8 57.1 57.0 20,307.9 20,442.6 Ball Mill 1-Prod 7,093.0 7,139.8 0.6 0.6 62.8 62.8 6,580.1 6,625.2 SAG-Prod 5,150.0 5,202.9 8.2 7.3 73.7 73.7 3,562.5 3,598.8 Feed 4,476.0 4,476.0 41.3 41.3 96.0 96.0 1,688.5 1,688.5 Trommel Screen-O/S 653.0 726.9 37.2 38.6 97.6 99.8 235.1 245.4 CYC Units in Parallel 14 Pressure, kPa (Exp) 88.00 Pressure, kPa (Calc) 87.14 Baseline Model Pebble Crusher Power (Calc) 539.92 Trommel1-O/S 429.18 97.31 169.65 46.93 SAG-Prod 2,408.18 73.10 1,771.54 8.25 Ball Mill-Prod 5,490.86 66.26 4,814.68 0.51 Sump-Prod 7,469.84 55.80 8,663.23 0.59 CYC-U/F 5,490.86 80.55 3,344.54 0.82 CYC-O/F 1,978.98 30.12 5,318.69 0.17 Trommel-U/S 1,979.00 62.76 1,901.90 1.45 SAG Feed 1,979.00 96.00 810.03 74.64 Pebble Crusher-Prod 429.18 97.31 169.65 13.71 TPH - Solids (Sim) % Solids (Sim) Volume Flow (Sim) P80 (Sim)
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