257 L of diesel and approximately 19 tCO₂ avoided per truck, highlighting the potential of hydrogen supplementation to improve fleet efficiency and support mine decarbonization. Figure 3. Hydrogen-Assisted Combustion Performance in Mining Trucks 6. DISCUSSION Implications for Mining Decarbonization: Reducing diesel consumption and direct emissions while maintaining (or improving) productivity is critical for practical decarbonization in mining. Controlled hydrogen injection provides an incremental pathway that can be deployed on existing fleets without immediate full fleet replacement. Limitations and Challenges: Key considerations include deionized water supply logistics, long‑term impacts on NOₓ and engine durability, and robust safety protocols for hydrogen handling and system interlocks. Scalability and Future Work: Future work should address scale‑up to larger fleets and other truck classes, electrolyzer efficiency improvements, integration with energy recovery strategies, and life cycle assessment (LCA) considering the electricity source for electrolysis. 7. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the implementation of an embedded system for controlled hydrogen generation and addition in transport trucks in open-pit mines constitutes a technically and economically viable alternative for decarbonization in the mining sector. The
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