269 depends on close collaboration between technologists, environmental specialists, and operational teams. Data integration across multiple sources requires robust governance, quality control, and clear definition of indicators to ensure consistency and interpretability. In addition, while digital representations improve accessibility, care must be taken to avoid oversimplification of complex ecological processes. Transferability across sites will also depend on contextual factors, including regulatory requirements, ecosystem characteristics, data availability, and organizational capacity. While the approach demonstrated applicability in both post-operational and restoration-focused contexts, further work is needed to assess performance across different mine types, climatic regions, and lifecycle stages. Engagement with evolving biodiversity disclosure frameworks, such as those related to nature-related financial reporting, will be critical to ensuring alignment with external expectations and standards. Overall, the findings suggest that integrated digital environmental management approach can support a shift in how nature is understood and managed within the mining sector. By embedding environmental data within operational and stakeholder-facing workflows, such approaches offer potential to improve transparency, support adaptive management, and strengthen trust. Future research and application should focus on refining indicators, strengthening integration with decision-making processes, and evaluating long-term outcomes across a broader range of mining contexts. 9. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY This paper has presented an applied framework for integrating multi-dimensional data into mining operations through a digital reality approach to environmental monitoring with Green Cubes. The methodology was demonstrated through two real-world implementations in the extraction industry, showing that integrated, continuous environmental monitoring can be deployed in both post-operational and restoration-focused mining contexts. The results indicate that combining environmental data within a single pane of glass can improve visibility of ecological conditions, support restoration planning, and enhance stakeholder engagement. The implementations at Vale and Samarco illustrate how environmental monitoring can evolve from fragmented, compliance-driven assessments toward a more integrated and operationally relevant practice. By establishing spatially explicit baselines and enabling continuous tracking of environmental change, the approach supports adaptive management and provides a more robust basis for reporting biodiversity impacts and restoration outcomes. Improved visibility of environmental conditions also contributes to clearer engagement with regulators, communities, and internal decision-makers. For the mining industry, these findings highlight the potential value of embedding environmental monitoring within operational workflows rather than treating it as a parallel or external process. Integrated digital environmental management can support earlier
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