149 abatement solutions and make a substantive contribution to methane emissions reduction and net‑zero objectives in the mining sector. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank our CSIRO colleagues, collaborators and contractors for their contributions. We also appreciate funding from the Australian Government and various industry funding bodies including ACARP, ACALET, DOI, DISR, CINSW and DFAT. Thanks to major mining companies for their significant support such as South32 and GM3 for supporting site trials, and Anglo American for on-site VAM sampling assistance. REFERENCES [1] Cai, J., Wu, S., Liu, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Liu, Y., Yu, Y., Shan, W., (2025). A highly active and stable Pd/15CoAlOx catalyst with Pd-Co composite interfaces for methane combustion. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy. 361, 124559. [2] Liu, L., Jin, Y., Yu, X., Bae, J.-S., Elmouttie, M., Cunnington, M., Villella, A., (2024). Development and site trials of a novel pilot ventilation air methane catalytic mitigator. Coal Innovation NSW, Sydney, Australia. [3] Yang, Z., Hussain, M., Marin, P., Jia, Q., Wang, N., Ordonez, S., Zhu, Y., Xia, Y., (2022). Enrichment of low concentration methane: an overview of ventilation air methane. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 10, 6397-6413 [4] Velin, P., Florén, C.-R., Skoglundh, M., Raj, A., Thompsett, D., Smedler, G., Carlsson, P.- A., (2020). Palladium dispersion effects on wet methane oxidation kinetics. Catalysis Science & Technology. 10, 5460-5469. [5] Yin, J., Su, S., Yu, X., Bae, J.-S., Jin, Y., Villella, A., Jara, M., Ashby, M., Cunnington M. and Loney M., (2020). Site trials and demonstration of a novel pilot ventilation air methane mitigator. Energy & Fuels. 34, 9885-9893. [6] Bae, J.-S., Su, S., Yu, X., (2014). Enrichment of Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) with Carbon Fiber Composites. Environmental Science & Technology. 48, 6043-6049. [7] Bae, J.-S., Su, S., Yu, X., Yin, J., Villella, A., Jara, M., Loney, M., (2020). Site Trials of Ventilation Air Methane Enrichment with Two-Stage Vacuum, Temperature, and Vacuum Swing Adsorption. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 59, 1573215741. [8] Bae, J.-S., Jin, Y., Huynh, C., Su, S., (2018). Biomass-derived carbon composites for enrichment of dilute methane from underground coal mines. Journal of Environmental Management. 217, 373-380. [9] Jin, Y., Su, S., (2018). Proof-of-Concept Photocatalytic Destruction of Methane for Coal Mining Fugitive Emissions Abatement. ACARP report https://www.acarp.com.au/abstracts.aspx?repId=C24061
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