188 influenced by factors such as the spatial distribution of slurry veins, the mechanical properties of hardened cement, rock mass characteristics, and the surrounding geological environment. Engineering practice demonstrates that effective grouting reinforcement can enhance the selfstability capacity of surrounding rock in fracture zones by one grade and increase the strength of crushed zones by approximately 1 to 2 times. Figure 1 – Fracture grouting schematic diagram Figure 2 – High pressure splitting grouting schematic diagram 3.2.2 Active protection technology system of a large water-rich fault fracture zone This study proposes a surface advanced grouting active protection technology system centered on the concept of “active exploration, precision design, collaborative protection, and dynamic treatment” to address the challenges of hazard prevention and control in large waterrich fault-fractured zones. An integrated drilling-exploration-grouting solution is established by systematically integrating key elements, including drilling processes, equipment selection, exploration methods, and grouting materials and procedures. The proposed technical system incorporates core technologies such as long-distance precision-guided drilling, while-drilling exploration and geological identification, and high-pressure segmented precision grouting. Through data interaction and adaptive optimization among the various technical links, a complete system integrating exploration channel construction, geological information
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