193 Figure 8 – Grouting hole layout diagram for large-diameter tunnel 5. CONCLUSIONS (1) Based on the mechanisms of water plugging and structural reinforcement in waterrich fault-fractured zones, together with the concept of active hazard prevention and control, a surface directional drilling-exploration-grouting integrated system for hazard prevention and control in water-rich fractured strata of long, deeply buried water diversion tunnels is established. This integrated system encompasses a complete technical chain that includes materials, construction processes, and specialized equipment, providing a novel and systematic solution for hazard treatment in deeply buried water diversion projects. (2) Engineering practice demonstrates that the drilling-exploration-grouting integrated technology for hazard prevention and control in water-rich fractured strata of long, deeply buried water diversion tunnels achieves the construction of an ultra-long, effective waterproofing and reinforcement curtain in a single operation. This approach effectively resolves the critical bottleneck associated with mud and water inrush during tunnel excavation, and its treatment capacity for fault-fractured zones in kilometer-level deep water conservancy tunnels is verified through practical application. (3) With the continuous advancement in research into the deep underground multi-field coupling environment and slurry diffusion mechanisms, the technical system for surface directional drilling and grouting will be progressively refined. It not only serves as an effective solution to tackle complex geological hazards in deeply buried water conveyance tunnels, but is also poised to evolve into a vital technical underpinning for ensuring the safe and efficient exploitation of deep mineral resources in the future REFERENCES Gao, G.R., (2017). Pre-Grouting and Water Sealing Technology of Coal Mine Shaft. Mine Construction Technology. 18-23. Gao, G.R., (2020). Summary of coal mine grouting technology. Mine Construction Technolog. 1-9.
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