195 INTEGRATING 3D NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS INTO MINE DESIGN: INSIGHTS FROM THE PERSEPHONE PROJECT *K. Fuławka1, M. Jóźwik1, P. Mertuszka1, M. Malesza2, R. Wasilewski2 1Rock Engineering Department, KGHM CUPRUM Ltd. Research & Development Centre, Poland (*Presenting author: krzysztof.fulawka@kghmcuprum.com) 2 Ground Control Department , „Rudna Mine” - KGHM Polska Miedź S.A, Poland ABSTRACT Three-dimensional numerical simulations have become an increasingly important tool in the design of safe and efficient mining operations. Conventional approaches, based on empirical observations or simplified analytical models, often fail to capture the complex mechanical response of heterogeneous and discontinuous rock masses under the influence of deep mining. In recent years, advances in computational power, improved algorithms, and greater availability of high-quality geological and geotechnical data have significantly increased the potential of numerical modeling in underground mining. Experience has shown that such tools can be successfully applied to the assessment of excavation stability, the identification of seismic and rockburst hazard zones, the design of active preventive measures, and the optimization of support systems. Despite this potential, the use of numerical simulations in routine mine planning is still limited. The main reason is the time and expertise required to prepare and validate reliable models, which can take from several days to several weeks depending on their complexity and scale. However, considering that mine operations in a given sector are typically planned several years in advance, the effort invested in developing numerical models can bring significant benefits. Once calibrated, models can be reused, updated, and refined as new information becomes available, thus reducing the workload in the long term. Within the PERSEPHONE project, large-scale three-dimensional simulations were developed to support the selection of an optimal mining system for one of the copper ore panels in the Rudna mine, operated by KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Geological and geomechanical input data were collected, including laboratory test results, in situ stress measurements, and seismic monitoring records. Several mining layouts were simulated, varying pillars geometry and location. The results demonstrated substantial differences in stress redistribution and seismic potential between the scenarios. Certain layouts led to stress concentration at panel boundaries, while others distributed stresses more evenly and minimized overstressed zones. The recommended system reduced seismic risk, improved excavation stability, and maintained production efficiency, showing that numerical simulations can significantly improve mine safety and performance. Although the method has inherent limitations and should be
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