62 Interpretation of results: The gap between policy and territory The analysis of findings evidences a structural disconnection between the national decarbonization agenda and the socioeconomic reality of the Cesar Corridor. While national policy prioritizes emission reduction and technological change, Module 1 data demonstrate that for the territory, the priority is economic survival in the face of the withdrawal of thermal coal mining rents. This gap is quantitatively reflected in the rejection by 36.4% of the population of a definition of transition focused exclusively on environmental variables, contrasted with the majority acceptance of approaches that integrate labor and social variables (ICSI, 2025). The results suggest that "Just Transition" is not an abstract concept for communities, but a management demand in the face of the risk of economic affectation. Therefore, the operational territorial planning described in Module 3 should not be interpreted only as a public investment exercise, but as a social stabilization mechanism necessary to politically enable the change of the energy matrix in the country. Barriers and enablers for implementation The process identified critical barriers limiting the speed and effectiveness of the transition. The main barrier is the fiscal and cultural dependence on thermal coal. With municipalities like La Jagua de Ibirico depending 94% on mining revenues (ICSI, 2024), local investment capacity to diversify the economy is paradoxically dependent on the very industry intended to be replaced. Added to this is a barrier of trust; the fragmentation of the social fabric and weakness in local governance have generated deep-seated skepticism towards institutional promises. However, the OTT model acted as a key enabler by introducing the concept of "social appropriation of knowledge." By democratizing access to technical data on tariffs, royalties, and employability, the dialogue table was leveled. Another identified enabler was the willingness for multistakeholder articulation; despite tensions, the private sector and civil society coincided on the urgent need for economic diversification. Transferability and limitations of the model The methodology applied in Cesar presents high transferability potential to other regions facing similar challenges of thermal coal mine closures and renewable energy expansion. The approach of building "territorial narratives" before defining investment projects has proven effective in legitimizing interventions and reducing social conflict associated with the uncertainty of change. However, the model presents limitations. The main restriction is that territorial planning (Module 3) requires political and financial continuity that exceeds the four-year local government terms. The sustainability of long-term projects, such as agro-industrialization or massive labor reconversion, depends on the capacity of local actors to maintain the validity of
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