125 relevance to mining or extractive projects, while excluding studies limited to national or global SDG reporting without transferable mining project-level methods and non-research formats. Second, full texts were assessed for eligibility based on the following criteria: (i) original research, (ii) a clear focus on SDG localization in mining or extractive contexts, and (iii) provision of a defined and transferable methodological or analytical approach. Purely descriptive or narrative discussions were excluded. This process reduced the initial pool of 300 records to 95 full-text articles and resulted in 47 eligible studies for synthesis. To improve completeness, backward and forward snowballing were applied by reviewing reference lists and citation tracking in Google Scholar, identifying eight additional studies that met the same criteria. The final corpus comprised 55 studies. The identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion process is summarized in the PRISMA flow diagram (Figure 1). Table 1 – Search objects, search strings, and paper published years Search meta-data Search strings Published Keywords (SDGs) ("sustainable development goal*" OR "SDG*" OR "Agenda 2030" OR "2030 Agenda") 20152026 Keywords (Mining) AND ("mining" OR "mining project*" OR "extractive industr*" OR "mineral extraction" OR "resource extraction") 3. KEY FINDINGS FROM LITERATURE 3.1 SDGs applications in mining sector The literature identifies four principal types of SDG application, categorized by their influence on project decision-making and the specific project functions they address, such as reporting, planning and appraisal, risk and monitoring, and closure or transition. While SDG adoption is widespread, implementation remains inconsistent. Reporting and narrative framing are the most common approaches, whereas direct integration into routine project management systems is less common and primarily observed in specialized assessment tools and closure or land-transition decision frameworks (Perdeli Demirkan et al., 2021a; Simpson et al., 2025; Villeneuve et al., 2017a). 3.1.1 Reporting and strategy SDG application The majority of studies indicate that SDGs are primarily utilized for corporate reporting and disclosure, enabling companies to construct sustainability narratives and communicate performance to investors, regulators, and other stakeholders (Perdeli Demirkan et al., 2021a).
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