240 1. INTRODUCTION The allocation of royalties from oil, mining, and water compensation, among other revenues derived from the exploitation of natural resources, is often presented as an instrument for regional development, job creation, and economic growth. Organized through funds and various institutional arrangements, these revenues are transferred — voluntarily or mandatorily — from the private sector to society under different governance models. However, the mere existence of these structures does not guarantee that the resources fulfill their public purpose. The proliferation of funds and mechanisms, with distinct models of control and influence from interest groups, can lead to fragmentation, overlapping functions, and suboptimal outcomes, rather than lasting positive externalities. In this context, Figure 1 presents typologies of mechanisms used to promote regional, ecological, and climate-related economic development from mineral resources, highlighting the complexity and coordination challenges among these structures. Figure 1 – Example of Mechanisms Used to Promote Regional, Ecological, and Climate Development from Mineral Resources Source: Own Elaboration This text aims to discuss how to align and coordinate these multiple governance structures of public revenues from natural resources to ensure they fulfill their social, economic, and environmental functions in a sustainable manner. 2. EXISTING TYPOLOGIES The following section presents a detailed mapping outlined in FIGURE 1. It is worth noting that discussions on the use of revenues from natural resources are based precisely on three pillars: (i) intergenerational wealth transfer, ensuring that future generations are not deprived of essential assets (KOTLIKOFF; SUMMERS, 1981); (ii) civil society participation 16. Brazilian Diffuse Rights anda Climate Justice Funds 3.3. National Soveign Wealth Funds 2. Districts Funds (DFs) 5. Municipal National Soveign Wealth Funds 4. 4.State Soveign Wealth Funds 114.National Environmental and Climate Development Funds 15. International Funds – Multilateral Organization Management of Public Collective Revenues from Natural Resources A -Private Natural Resource Endowment B Sovereign Wealth Fund C -Mandatory Natural Resource Royalties D -Regional Development Structure E- Loss e Damage Funds F - Budgetary Accounting Funds G International Clean Technology Funds H- Diffuse Rights and Climate Justice Funds 77. Fundos de Comunidades Tradicionais 8. Envionmental Conservation Fund 9. Payament for Environmental Services 10. Mine Closure Process 11. 11. Environmental Regional Compensation Funds 1. Endowment, Trustee, and Foundation (FTFs) 13. Brazilian Regional Funds for Clean Development 6.Mandatory Nature Resource Royalties 12. Adjustmente of Conduct Agreement (TAC)
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