299 5.2. Conditions and Precedents for the Establishment of METRHI Between January and October 2025, a multisectoral dialogue process was conducted in Ichuña to address social demands related to local development, mining activity, and water management. Within this context, an initiative led by the ALA Tambo Alto Tambo Local, in coordination with key territorial actors such as the local government of Ichuña and Buenaventura Mining Company, emerged with the objective of strengthening water governance and management. This process led to the decision to establish METRHI within the framework of the Water Resources Law. From this early stage, the ALA Tambo Alto Tambo played an active role by providing technical information, particularly on water availability, water quality, the allocation of water-use rights, the status of irrigation infrastructure, and other factors critical to defining local water-related challenges. However, it is important to recognize the broader context and precedents that also contributed to the creation of METRHI. On February 19, 2025, representatives from the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PCM), the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM), the District Municipality of Ichuña, the Regional Government of Moquegua, Buenaventura, and social organizations agreed to establish a temporary working group to review the Development Fund and promote territorial development measures. This agreement included the participation of entities with environmental and water-related mandates, among them the ANA, through its local office (ALA), given the relevance of water issues in the territory and the need for technical information to support decision-making within the working group. Subsequently, through Ministerial Resolution No. 076-2025-MINEM/DM, issued on March 10, 2025, the “Executive Roundtable to Address the Development of the District of Ichuña” was formally established. In compliance with this resolution, the PCM officially invited ANA to appoint a representative, a role that was fulfilled within the framework of the SNGRH, by the ALA Tambo Alto Tambo. During the installation session held on March 17, 2025, an initial diagnosis of the district’s water-related, environmental, and social challenges was presented. This session highlighted the need for a permanent space to disseminate information on water-use rights, manage water-related conflicts, socialize participatory monitoring processes, and leverage opportunities associated with the development of water infrastructure. Although the need for a specialized water-focused coordination space was clearly identified, it was not yet defined which articulation and consensus-building mechanism within the SNGRH framework would be most appropriate for this context. In this regard, the synergy between two levels of ANA proved critical: at the national level, the Directorate of Water Resources Planning and Development (DPDRH), and at the local level, the ALA Tambo Alto Tambo. Drawing on its experience in implementing the National Water Resources Plan, the DPDRH provided guidance on the selection of the most suitable governance mechanism. On March 26, 2025, during the second session of the Executive Roundtable, the Action Plan was approved. This plan included a set of activities under the environmental axis, to be led by ANA, the Environmental Evaluation and Enforcement Agency (OEFA), MINEM, and the Ombudsman’s Office. During this session, the ALA Tambo Alto Tambo underscored the
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