52 Key components of Urban Mining calculation is: - Urban Mining Index (UMI) [19]: A tool to measure the circularity of construction materials, determining the percentage of secondary/renewable resources and future recycling potential, including closed-loop and open-loop potential. - Material Stock Analysis: Quantifies materials in existing buildings or infrastructure, often using top-down methods (national data) or bottom-up methods (specific building assessments). - Economic Valuation: Calculates the potential value of materials (=Tonnage x Material Value x Grade/Quality Factor) - Environmental Impact: Calculates avoided CO2 emissions and energy consumption, comparing urban recycling rates (e.g., 47% for e-waste) against traditional mining. - Waste Quantification: Uses GIS and site-specific data to categorize construction and demolition waste (CDW) into hazardous, non-hazardous, and inert materials. Figure 3 - The potential of Urban Mining in urban areas [6]. Both the mining and construction sectors are currently facing problems of high resource consumption and waste generation. Due to the increasing scarcity of resources and environmental concerns, it will be necessary in the future to introduce the management of construction materials in cycles that are as closed and compatible with the environment as possible. The concept of Urban Mining follows this approach by planning and managing anthropogenic raw material stocks as an “urban mine”.
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