OFFICIAL due to the lack of fracture coalescence (see Figure 4), which prevented the formation of an effective continuous fracture plane. Numerical modeling provides a distinct advantage by integrating critical geomechanical parameters (Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, UCS, RMR, and GSI) to represent dynamic explosive effects. This approach enables a comprehensive assessment of fracture propagation prior to field trials. The results, summarized in Table 4, indicate that a 1.2 m spacing with a 1 1/2" packaged explosive diameter yielded the most favorable performance under the modeled conditions. However, these findings are contingent upon the specific geomechanical input. In operational environments, rock mass variability, including fluctuations in jointing patterns and rock strength, plays a critical role in determining ideal designs. Although stochastic analysis was beyond this study’s scope, its influence is essential for scaling these recommendations to diverse field conditions. Finally, this methodology has been successfully implemented as a technical support tool in an open-pit mine located in the southern region of Lima, Peru. Field observations demonstrated a high correlation between simulated patterns and actual fracture propagation, validating the model’s reliability for optimizing decoupling ratios and bench face stability in real-world operational environments. Table 4; Summary of Presplit Filter Modeling. Overview of Modeling Presplit Filter Packaged Explosive Diamete (inch) Spacing (m) 1.2 1.5 1.8 1 1/2" 48% 38% 34% 1 1/4" 39% 34% 18%
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