OFFICIAL it is important to measure the wall temperature given the large difference between the wall and air temperatures. The model was run with two common bulk product types, an ANFO and a pumped emulsion blend, to see the impact on hole temperature over time when the convective heat flow of air was replaced with conductive heat flow from the higher density bulk explosives. The bulk product initial temperature was set at 40 oC. 70/30 Pumped Emulsion/ANFO Blend Figure 15:Cross section of blast hole loaded with Emulsion Blend Bulk Product showing the temperature gradient at 0, 8 and 16 hours ANFO Figure 16: Cross section of blast hole loaded with ANFO bulk product showing the temperature gradient at 0, 8 and 16 hours Figure 12 and Figure 13 show the impact of loading bulk products into a blast-hole on the system’s ability to dissipate the heat. Even at a relatively modest heat flux of 45 W/m2 reported for coal self-heating (Guo, 2024), the wall temperature has exceeded the starting condition of 70 oC after 16 hours. It was also evident that the emulsion blend was slightly better at conducting heat than the ANFO product, as evidenced by the greater wall
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