Figure 1 – Conceptual evolution of relative structural risk across infrastructure lifecycle stages under reactive and structured governance approaches Although catastrophic structural failures are uncommon due to modern engineering standards, latent vulnerabilities can accumulate when degradation mechanisms are not systematically monitored and evaluated. Structural risk is rarely the result of a single extreme event; rather, it often emerges from the interaction between progressive deterioration and sustained operational stress. Small, undetected defects may evolve under repeated loading or aggressive environmental exposure until residual capacity is compromised. Without quantitative assessment of remaining structural reliability, decision-makers face increasing uncertainty regarding infrastructure resilience. A further challenge lies in what may be described as a lifecycle visibility gap. In many operations, asset condition data, inspection findings, modification records, and operational history are fragmented across departments and systems. When this information is not consolidated within a structured governance framework, the organization’s ability to understand degradation trends and predict future performance is significantly reduced. Limited lifecycle traceability constrains risk-informed decisions related to rehabilitation, expansion, or asset life extension. From a sustainability perspective, ageing infrastructure can constrain performance across multiple dimensions. Safety exposure increases when structural degradation is not proactively controlled. Unplanned downtime affects production continuity and energy efficiency. Reactive interventions may result in higher material consumption, emergency repairs, and increased carbon footprint compared to planned rehabilitation strategies. Furthermore, insufficient transparency in infrastructure condition may weaken regulatory compliance and stakeholder confidence. Addressing ageing infrastructure as a constraint to sustainable mining performance therefore requires moving beyond isolated inspections toward systematic structural risk governance embedded throughout the asset lifecycle. Without such an approach, ageing assets may become a limiting factor in the responsible, resilient, and efficient supply of minerals required by society. 3. LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY PRACTICES Despite increasing operational complexity and the progressive ageing of mining infrastructure, structural integrity management practices in many operations remain predominantly reactive. Inspections are often conducted periodically or in response to visible findings, and interventions typically focus on correcting identified defects rather than systematically managing structural risk throughout the asset lifecycle. In numerous cases, responsibility for infrastructure is distributed across different areas—engineering, maintenance, operations, and projects—without a clearly defined
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