In contrast, the graphene-reinforced GFRP system requires a reduced tendon cross-sectional area of 73 mm² (approximately 31% lower than steel), while maintaining a similar bond length requirement of ≥3.8 . As will be observed in Figure 5.2, the overall stabilization mechanism remains comparable, with the anchors effectively controlling the potential slip surface despite the slightly lower global F.S. of 1.5. Figure 5.2: Graphene-Reinforced GFRP Anchor System – Slope Stability Analysis. The following table (Table 5.2) summarizes and compares the results obtained for both alternatives. Table 5.2: Summary of Design Results for Graphene-Reinforced Glass Fiber (GFRP) Profiles and Freyssinet 500E Steel Profiles. COMPARISON Graphene-Reinforced Glass Fiber (GFRP) Freyssinet 500E Steel Factored nominal load 45 kN 45 kN Tensile verification (required area) 73 mm² 106 mm² Calculated bar diameter 9.4 mm 11.6 mm Anchor–grout slip verification 0.27 m 0.22 m Allowable soil bond strength 75 kPa 75 kPa Pull-out (bulb length) verification 3.84 m 3.7 m Factor of Safety (F.S.) 1.5 1.6 GFRP
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